Author : William LawThe term random wire antenna is often misused by radio buffs and is often misunderstood, even by licensed and qualified ham radio operators with a few years of hobby radio experience
If you are only listening to shortwave radio broadcasts on the HF radio bands, then a few feet of electrical wire thrown out of your window or strung along the top of your roof or garden someplace will certainly capture a lot of radio signals and route them into your shortwave radio receiver However, the results you get won’t be particularly good They will be unpredictable or, you’ve probably guessed it, they’ll be a bit random
Your radio listening efforts will be much more successful if the length of your wire antenna is cut to suit the wavelength (or frequency) of the radio signals that you are most keen to listen to And once you cut the antenna for a specific wave band, it is no longer a random wire antenna It is a tuned antenna or a resonant antenna
That means your wire antenna is in tune or adjusted for the radio signals you want to hear, just like a tuning fork helps you adjust a musical instrument And when your wire antenna is in tune with the signals you want, it is harmonically-related to those signals and it captures them more effectively for you to listen to
That’s fine for short wave listeners (often referred to as SWLs), because their interest is to receive radio signals rather than transmit them Although many serious SWLs get interested enough in two way radio signals to do a little studying and get an Amateur Radio license, which allows them to transmit signals as well That makes them Radio Hams And Ham Radio or Amateur Radio (its official name) is really a big fraternity out there, with members male and female, of all age groups, all over the world
For transmitting radio signals, the antenna must couple to the radio transmitter so the RF amplifier sees an impedance of 50 Ohms, or very close to it Otherwise the transistors in the RF amp can burn out, which is a costly repair job Many modern 2 way radios now have a special circuit to sense this mismatch They shut the transmitted signal right down to a tiny amount to try and save the transmitter That’s good for the radio, but no good for you if you want anyone to hear your signal Chances are it will be much too weak to be heard properly
In this case, many radio operators (both Amateur and professional) use an antenna tuning unit (or ATU) between the radio transmitter and the aerial This fools the radio into seeing a 50 Ohm load, so it puts out its maximum transmit power Unfortunately much of that power gets lost or wasted as heat, either in the ATU or in the cables between the radio and the random wire antenna So it is always much better to use an antenna that matches the band you will be working with that radio You can read more about antennas and two-way radios here at Walkie Talkie Two Way Radios and Business 2 Way Radio
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